The border issue between China and India involved the most arduous efforts among all China’s border negotiations. The Sino-Indian border stretches 2,000 km, which is divided into eastern, middle and western sections. The controversial area involved measures 125,000 square km.

In November 1996, during former President Jiang Zemin’s visit to India, the two governments signed an agreement aimed at increasing mutual trust in military areas along the disputed border. In addition, the Chinese Government committed to reopening border negotiations.

During Prime Minister Wen Jiabao’s visit to India in April 2005, the two sides reached a consensus in their border demarcation. First, border issues should be resolved peacefully through consultation, devoid of military action or threat of military force. Second, a fair and rational package solution must be acceptable to both sides. Third, geographical landmarks should clarify the boundary. Fourth, before the eventual solution of the border issue, both countries should respect and stand by the lines of real control and work jointly to maintain peace on the border.

Each country has agreed to designate a special representative to resume negotiations and set up the framework of solving the border issue, which will pave the way for further field border reconnaissance and demarcation.