Li Dazhao 

Li Dazhao was born in Laoting County, Hebei Province in 1889. In 1913, he traveled to Japan and studied at Waseda University in Tokyo, and began to contact with socialist thoughts and Marxist theories. After returning to China in 1916, Li Dazhao went to Peking University as a library director and professor of economics, and actively participated in and became a leader in the New Culture Movement. Li was greatly encouraged by the victory of the October Revolution in Russia. He published articles and speeches continuously and enthusiastically eulogized the October Revolution.

In the process of publicizing the October Revolution, Li changed from a patriotic democrat to a Marxist, and then became the earliest disseminator of Marxism in China. After the May Fourth Movement in 1919, he devoted himself more to the propaganda of Marxism and systematically introduced Marxist theory. Li Dazhao promoted the wide spread of Marxism in China and prepared the ideological conditions for the founding of the Communist Party of China.

Li is one of the main founders of the Communist Party of China (CPC). At the beginning of 1920, Li Dazhao and other revolutionaries began to discuss the establishment of proletarian political parties in China. In the autumn of the same year, he led the establishment of the early Party organizations in Beijing and the Beijing Socialist Youth League, and actively promoted the establishment of nationwide Party organizations.

After the founding of the CPC, Li, on behalf of the CPC Central Committee, led the work in north China, publicized Marxism, launched the workers’ movement, and established Party organizations. From 1922 to 1924, he was entrusted by the Party to run between Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, helping Sun Yat-sen re-organize the Kuomintang and making great contributions to the establishment of the United front for the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the CPC. Li also led party organization in the north to cooperate with the May 30th Movement and the Northern Expedition, launched anti-imperialist and anti-warlord struggles, and made outstanding contributions to the victory of the Great Revolution.

On April 6, 1927, Li was arrested and imprisoned in Beijing. On April 28th, Li Dazhao died at the age of 38.

 

He Shuheng

He Shuheng, a representative of the first CPC National Congress and one of the founders of the CPC, was born in a peasant family in Ningxiang City, Hunan Province in 1876. In 1913, 37-year-old He was admitted to the First Normal Workshop in Hunan Province, where he met Mao Zedong, and they forged friendship. In April 1918, He, Mao and others initiated the establishment of Xinmin Society, and in 1920 jointly initiated the establishment of Hunan’s early Communist Party organizations.

 

In July 1921, Mao and He, as Hunan representatives, went to Shanghai to attend CPC’s First National Congress. In October, He participated in the formation of Hunan Branch of the CPC and served as a member of the branch. On May 21, 1927, a Ma Ri incident occurred in Changsha. He went to Shanghai to set up an underground printing factory for the Party and persisted in secret struggle. In 1928, after the closing of the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, He Shuheng entered Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow to study.

In November 1931, He entered the Central Revolutionary Base. In October 1934, after the Long March of the Central Red Army, He was ordered to stay in the Central Revolutionary Base and persist in guerrilla warfare. On February 24, 1935, on the way from Jiangxi to Fujian, He died heroically in the battle to break through Changting. At the age of 59, he used his life to fulfill the clank oath of “I want to shed the last drop of blood for Soviet”.

 

Peng Pai

Born in October 1896 in Haifeng County, Guangdong Province, Peng Pai is a proletarian revolutionary of the older generation of CPC, a pioneer of the Chinese peasant revolutionary movement, and the founder of the famous Hailufeng Soviet regime.

 

Peng went to Japan to study in his early years. In 1918, he entered Waseda University in Japan to study political economy. During his stay in Japan, he actively participated in the patriotic movement of Chinese students studying abroad.

After returning to China in May 1921, Peng joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League and founded the Socialist Research Society and the Workers’ Compassion Society in Haifeng, his hometown, to spread Marxism. In the summer of 1922, he went to the countryside alone, learned about farmers’ sufferings, and mobilized farmers to organize and carry out peasant movement. Peng wrote “Haifeng Peasant Movement”. He is known as "King of Peasant Movement”. Mao Zedong pointed out in the “Investigation Report of Hunan Peasant Movement” that “county politics must be clarified by farmers, and Haifeng in Guangdong has already proved it.”

In April 1924, Peng became a member of the CPC, and went to Guangzhou to lead the peasant movement and set up a workshop for the peasant movement. In the later Great Revolution, he served as the commander-in-chief of Guangdong Peasant Self-Defense Force. In March, 1927, he went to Wuhan, initiated and organized the Provisional Executive Committee of All-China Farmers Association with Mao, and served as member of the Executive Committee and Secretary General.

After the failure of the Great Revolution, Peng went to Nanchang to lead the Nanchang Uprising. The August 7th meeting of the CPC elected the Provisional Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and he was elected as a member of the Political Bureau and later served as a member of the Southern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee.

In October 1927, Peng returned to Guangdong. In November, the armed uprising broke out again in Hailufeng and the Soviet regime in Hailufeng was established. In the spring of 1928, Peng Pai led the revolutionary army of workers and peasants to expand the revolutionary base with Hailufeng as the center to the southern part of Dongjiang River.

In November 1928, Peng Pai was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, and was ordered to go to Shanghai, where he served as secretary of the Agriculture Committee of the CPC Central Committee, member of the Central Military Commission of the CPC Central Committee, and Secretary of the Military Commission of Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee. On August 24, 1929, Peng was arrested and imprisoned in Longhua Prison. On August 30, 1929, Peng was killed by reactionaries at only 33.

 

Mao Zemin 

Mao Zemin was born in Shaoshan, Xiangtan, Hunan Province in 1896. He joined the revolution in 1921 and soon joined the CPC.

At the beginning of 1931, Mao Zemin entered the Central Revolutionary Base and served as the manager minister of the Fujian-Guangdong-Jiangxi Military Region. In 1931, Mao Zemin was appointed as the governor of the Bank of the Provisional Central Government of Chinese Soviet Republic. In a short time, he solved the difficulties such as the serious shortage of financial talents, the lack of reserve funds and the chaotic circulation of various currencies in the Soviet Area.

In October 1934, the Red Army began the Long March. The Ministry of Finance and the National Bank of the Soviet Central Government formed the 15th Brigade. Mao Zemin served as the captain and deputy director of the confiscation and collection committee, deputy head of the advance team and deputy director of the general supply department. At that time, the 15th Brigade was called "the national bank on the pole", which solved the arduous tasks of transportation, beating local tyrants, raising grain and raising funds, and ensuring supply during the Long March.

Mao Zemin has been in charge of financial power for a long time, but he is honest and spotless. He often said: “You can't spend a penny indiscriminately. Leading cadres should take the lead in hard work. We are managing money for workers and peasants and managing money for the Red Army. We must be diligent and economical! “

On September 27, 1943, Mao Zemin was secretly killed by the enemy at the age of 47.

 

Zhao Yiman 

Zhao, formerly known as Li Kuntai, was born on October 25, 1905 in Yibin, Sichuan. After the May Fourth Movement broke out, Zhao Yiman began to accept new revolutionary ideas. In the winter of 1923, Zhao Yiman joined the Chinese Socialist Youth League and oined the Communist Party of China in the summer of 1926.

In September 1927, Zhao Yiman went to study at Zhongshan University in Moscow. After returning home the following year, she secretly carried out Party work in Yichang, Nanchang and Shanghai.

After the September 18th Incident in 1931, Zhao was sent to Northeast China to launch the anti-Japanese struggle. In the autumn of 1935, Zhao Yiman was appointed as a political commissar of the 2nd Regiment of the 1st Division of the 3rd Army of Northeast Anti-Japanese Coalition Forces. In November, the 2nd regiment was besieged in a mountain by Japanese and puppet troops. Zhao was seriously injured in order to cover the troops to break through. She was discovered by the Japanese army during her rehabilitation. She was injured again in the battle and was captured in a coma. During her capture, the Japanese tortured Zhao to force her to confess. She would rather die than surrender and sternly denounced the Japanese aggression. On August 2, 1936, Zhao died heroically at the age of 31.

Zhang Si-de

In 2009, Zhang Si-de was elected as “100 heroic model figures who made outstanding contributions to the founding of P.R.C.”

Zhang was born in a poor peasant family in Yilong County, Sichuan Province in 1915. He joined the Red Army in 1933 and the Communist Youth League of China in the same year. In 1935, Zhang Side joined the Red Fourth Army in the Long March and joined the Communist Party of China in 1937. In November 1942, Zhang transferred the 1st Company of the Central Guard Corps as a soldier. Soon, he was transferred to Yan'an Zaoyuan, where Mao Zedong and other central leading comrades worked to perform guard duties.

At the beginning of 1944, in response to the call of the mass production movement of the CPC Central Committee, Zhang took the initiative to sign up for the production team organized by the central authorities and was elected as the vice-captain of the farm. In July of the same year, he burned charcoal in the mountains of Ansai County. On September 5th, when it was raining, Zhang took the comrades of the commando team into the mountains as usual to dig a new kiln. At noon, the charcoal kiln collapsed in the rain. In a critical moment, Zhang pushed soldier Xiaobai out of the kiln, but he was buried in the collapsed soil. His comrades were saved, but Zhang lost his life at the age of 29.
On September 8, 1944, more than 1,000 people from the Central directly under the authority and the Central Guard Corps held a memorial service for Zhang in Yan’an. Mao Zedong personally attended the memorial service and delivered a memorial speech.

Five heroes of Mount Langya

On September 25, 1941, about 3,500 Japanese and Puppet troops besieged Langya Mountain in the southwest of Yi County, Hebei Province. The 7th Company of the 1st Regiment, 1st Military Division, Jinchaji Military Region, Eighth Route Army was ordered to cover the transfer of party and government organs, troops and the masses. When the mission was completed and evacuated, five soldiers, including Ma Baoyu of the 6th class, were left to guard the troops. In order not to let the Japanese puppet troops find the company shifting direction, they fought and withdrew, leading the enemy to the peak of Qipan Tuo in Langya Mountain.

They ran out the last bullet, threw out the last grenade, and threw stones at the enemy, killing and injuring more than 90 enemies, and kept fighting until sunset. At the last minute, the brave men would rather die than surrender, and after destroying all their guns, they jumped off deep cliffs without hesitation.

The brave and tenacious iron will of the five strong men in Langya Mountain has become an immortal monument of the Chinese nation.