尊敬的李显龙总理阁下,各位同事: 很高兴同大家在新加坡再次相聚。我对李显龙总理和新加坡政府为会议所作的周到安排表示衷心的感谢。 随着工业化的快速发展,人类使用化石能源,创造了巨大的物质财富,但同时也产生了大量污染物和温室气体,全球能源、气候变化和环境问题越来越突出,成为我们面临的共同挑战。东亚峰会就这个重大战略性问题交换看法,反映出本地区国家加强合作,应对挑战的愿望和决心。 主席先生,在此,我愿就应对气候变化阐述中方的看法和主张: 第一,气候变化是全球性问题,需要各国携手合作,共同保护我们的家园。发达国家应该正视自己的历史责任和当前人均排放水平仍然居高的现实,严格履行《京都议定书》确定的减排目标,在2012年后继续率先减排。发展中国家应该根据自身能力积极采取有效措施,为应对气候变化做出力所能及的贡献。国际社会应该加大对发展中国家的支持,发达国家应该履行对发展中国家的技术转让和资金支持承诺,切实帮助发展中国家提高减缓和适应气候变化能力。 第二,气候变化从根本上说是发展问题。应该把经济增长、社会发展、环境保护统筹协调起来,建立适应可持续发展要求的生产方式和消费方式。为应对气候变化而停滞发展,或者无视气候变化片面追求经济增长都是不可取、不可行的。据估计,今天全球约有24亿人仍以煤炭、木炭、薪柴、农作物秸秆作为主要燃料,有16亿人没有用上电。让贫困人口得到现代能源的服务,进而享受发展的机会,是一种道义责任和社会责任。因此必须强调,应对气候变化的努力应该促进而不是阻碍各国尤其是发展中国家发展经济、消除贫困。 第三,《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》奠定了应对气候变化国际合作的法律基础,最具权威性、普遍性、全面性。公约确立的"共同但有区别的责任"和公平原则,凝聚了国际社会共识,反映了各国经济发展水平、历史责任、当前人均排放上的差异。我们应该以公约和议定书作为国际合作的基本框架,也欢迎将其他开展务实合作的倡议和机制作为公约框架的有益补充。 第四,技术进步对减缓和适应气候变化具有决定性作用。国际社会要增加资金投入,扩大信息交流,加强节能、环保、低碳能源等技术的研发和创新合作,特别是加强技术推广和利用,使广大发展中国家买得起、用得上。在这方面,不能只强调市场机制的作用,把应对气候变化的任务全部推向市场。发达国家应减少贸易和技术壁垒,支持尽早落实公约关于技术转让的规定,建立切实有效的技术转让和技术合作机制,提高共同应对气候变化的能力。 第五,适应气候变化是发展中国家最为关心的问题,是应对气候变化挑战的重要组成部分。发达国家应本着共同发展的伙伴精神,积极帮助发展中国家提高适应能力,增强应对气候灾害的能力;尽快启动《京都议定书》的适应基金,并对所有发展中国家开放;完善全球环境基金和清洁发展机制的运作,使发展中国家更加受益;扩大适应资金来源,为发展中国家适应气候变化提供新的和额外的资金支持。中国将于明年举办"东亚峰会气候变化适应能力建设研讨会",就本地区国家如何提高对气候变化的适应能力进行探讨。 主席先生,中国是世界上人口最多的国家,是一个中低收入的发展中国家,是遭受气候变化不利影响较为严重的国家。中国政府充分认识到应对气候变化的重要性、紧迫性,本着对本国人民负责、对全人类负责、对子孙后代负责的精神,主动采取了一系列减缓温室气体排放的政策措施,取得了重要进展。 国际舆论比较关注中国二氧化碳排放总量,但不要忽视这样一些基本事实:中国人口占世界总人口21%;中国人均二氧化碳排放还比较低,不到发达国家平均水平的三分之一;中国仍有2000多万农村贫困人口和2200多万城市最低生活保障线以下人口,城乡和区域经济社会发展还不平衡。为了改善和提高13亿中国人民的生活水平和生活质量,中国的"发展排放"在一定时期难免会有所增加。作为一个制造业大国,中国生产的商品为世界各国享用,但却承受着"转移排放"带来的越来越大的压力。我们希望,各方在关注中国的排放时要充分注意到这两个因素。 中国政府将环境保护作为一项基本国策,将科学发展观作为执政理念,根据《联合国气候变化框架公约》的规定,结合中国经济社会发展规划和可持续发展战略,制定并公布了《中国应对气候变化国家方案》,成立了国家应对气候变化领导小组,颁布了一系列法律法规。我们明确提出了控制温室气体排放的具体任务,包括到2010年实现单位国内生产总值能源消耗比2005年降低20%左右、可再生能源在一次能源供应结构中的比重提高到10%、将工业氧化亚氮排放稳定在2005年水平,同时努力实现森林覆盖率达到20%、新增改良草地2400万公顷、治理退化和沙化及碱化草地5200万公顷、自然保护区面积占国土总面积比例达到16%左右、治理荒漠化土地面积2200万公顷等。我们知道,这些任务非常艰巨,但我们有决心和信心,经过艰苦努力,一定能够实现。 中国坚持走低消耗、低排放、高效益、高产出的新型工业化道路,是国际社会加强环境保护、应对气候变化、实现可持续发展努力的重要组成部分。我们期待得到包括东亚国家在内的国际社会的大力支持。中国将根据公约和议定书,本着"共同但有区别的责任"原则,承担应有的国际责任和义务。中方赞同本次会议发表的《气候变化、能源和环境新加坡宣言》,愿与各方一道,将宣言的精神和倡议落到实处,共同促进东亚地区应对气候变化的努力,推动建设一个和谐发展、清洁发展、可持续发展的东亚。 谢谢大家!

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Dear colleagues, I am glad to meet you again in Singapore, and I wish to express sincere thanks to you, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, and the Singaporean Government for your hospitality. With rapid industrialization, mankind has created material wealth by using fossil fuel. But this has caused the emission of large amounts of pollutants and greenhouse gases. As a result, energy, climate change and the environment have become increasingly acute global challenges confronting all of us. The fact that we are exchanging views on these issues of strategic significance at the East Asia Summit demonstrates the common resolve of countries in our region to strengthen cooperation and jointly address these challenges. Mr. Chairman, now I wish to outline China's views and position on climate change: First, climate change is a global issue. We must all work together to address this issue and protect our common homeland. Developed countries should face up to their historical responsibilities and the reality that their current per-capita emissions remain high, strictly comply with the emission reduction targets laid down in the Kyoto Protocol, and continue to take the lead in cutting emissions after 2012. Developing countries should adopt active and effective measures according to their capabilities and contribute their share to combating climate change. The international community should provide more support to developing countries, and developed countries should honor their commitment on transferring technology and providing financial assistance to developing countries to help them build capacity for mitigating and adapting to climate change. Second, climate change is ultimately a development issue. We should pursue economic growth, social development and environmental protection in a coordinated and balanced way, and develop models of production and consumption compatible with sustainable development. It is both unfeasible and wrong to tackle climate change at the expense of economic growth or pursue economic growth with no regard to climate change. It is estimated that about 2.4 billion people still use coal, charcoal, firewood and crop stalks as primary sources of fuel and some 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity. To enable the poor population to enjoy modern energy services and development opportunities is both a moral imperative and a social responsibility. It should therefore be emphasized that efforts to tackle climate change should help, and not hinder, the efforts of countries, particularly developing countries, to grow their economy and reduce poverty. Third, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Kyoto Protocol, which are most authoritative, universal and comprehensive, constitute the legal basis of international cooperation on climate change. The principles of "common but differentiated responsibilities" and fairness established by the Convention represent consensus of the international community and recognize differences among countries in economic development, historical responsibilities and current per-capita emissions. We should uphold the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol as the basic framework for international cooperation, and we also welcome other initiatives and mechanisms on practical cooperation that supplements the UNFCCC framework. Fourth, technological advances play a decisive role in mitigating and adapting to climate change. The international community should increase financial input and information sharing and step up cooperation in research and development and innovation in technologies for energy conservation, environmental protection and low-carbon energy. It is of particular importance to strengthen the dissemination and application of these technologies and make them affordable to the developing countries. In this respect, one should not lay undue stress on the role of market mechanism and make the market solely responsible for tackling climate change. Developed countries should lower trade and technological barriers, support the early implementation of UNFCCC provisions on technology transfer, establish effective mechanisms for technology transfer and cooperation, as this will enhance the capacity to jointly tackle climate change. Fifth, adaptation to climate change is of the greatest concerns to developing countries, and it is a major part of the efforts to address climate change. Developed countries should, in a spirit of partnership for common development, actively help developing countries build capacity for adaptation and managing weather-related disasters. They should launch the Adaptation Fund under the Kyoto Protocol at an early date and open it to all developing countries, improve the operation of the Global Environmental Facility and the Clean Development Mechanism to bring more benefits to developing countries, and commit more financial resources for adaptation efforts and provide new and additional financial support to developing countries. China will host the "EAS Seminar on Climate Change Adaptation Capacity Building" next year which will discuss ways for countries in our region to better adapt to climate change. Mr. Chairman, China is the world's most populous country and a lower middle level income developing country, and it is seriously affected by climate change. The Chinese Government fully appreciates the importance and urgency of this challenge. It has, acting with a sense of responsibility to people, to the entire humanity and to future generations, taken a number of policy measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and has made important progress in this effort. There has been a lot of media report on China's aggregate carbon dioxide emissions. But such report has ignored some basic facts. China is home to 21 percent of the world's population. China's per-capita emission of carbon dioxide is quite low, less than one third of the average level of developed countries. In China, there are still more than 20 million rural people living in poverty and over 22 million urban residents who are below the poverty line, and the country's economic and social development is uneven between urban and rural areas and among different regions. China's "development emissions" will see some increase, as we are endeavoring to improve the living standards and quality of life for 1.3 billion people. In addition, as a big manufacturing country, China makes products for consumers across the world, but it is under growing pressure of "transfer emissions." We hope that these two factors should be taken into full account when talking about China's emissions. The Chinese Government takes environmental protection as a basic state policy and the Scientific Outlook on Development as its governing philosophy. In compliance with the UNFCCC and following China's plan for economic and social development and strategy for sustainable development, we have formulated and released China's National Climate Change Program, set up a national leading group on climate change and promulgated a number of related laws and regulations. We have set up the following targets on greenhouse gas emission control to be met in 2010: cut energy intensity by around 20 percent from the 2005 level, increase the share of renewable energy in primary energy supplies to 10 percent, keep industrial emissions of nitrous oxide at the 2005 level, increase forest cover to 20 percent, add 24 million hectares of grassland, treat 52 million hectares of degraded, sandified and alkalinized grassland, increase the share of nature reserves to about 16 percent of China's total landmass, and treat 22 million hectares of desertified land. These are challenging tasks, but we have the resolve and confidence to accomplish them with determined efforts. China is striving to embark on a new path to industrialization that features low consumption of resources, low emissions, high efficiency and high output, and this is an integral part of international efforts to protect the environment, address climate change and achieve sustainable development. We look forward to the strong support for our efforts from the international community, particularly our East Asian neighbors. China will shoulder its due international responsibilities and obligations in accordance with the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities. China supports the Singapore Declaration on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment to be adopted at this summit. We will work with you to translate the goal and initiatives of the Declaration into concrete action, boost efforts of East Asia countries to address climate change and promote harmonious, clean and sustainable development in East Asia. Thank you! (Source: www.fmprc.gov.cn)