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TRADE DEPENDENCE: Cargo ships dock at the Busan port in South Korea. Statistics of South Korea's Ministry of Strategy and Finance show foreign trade accounted for 82.4 percent of the country's GDP in 2009 (HE LULU) |
Germany offers a telling example. Although it has an export-oriented economy, the country maintains a competitive edge as it mainly exports patented technology.
Regional cooperation
Strengthening regional cooperation is an important means to realize sustainable development in East Asia.
China's reform and opening up started when the Cold War was still in progress. It's a policy that tackles problems inside and outside this country; in its former aspect, it reinvigorates the economy and in the latter it breaks down the blockade resulting from the Cold War.
A heavy loss, however, was sacrificing the economic structure built by import substitution strategy during the previous 30 years. Under the reform and opening-up policy, China underwent a transition from "self-reliance" to "embracing the world."
At present, China is encountering with a new round of transition that is establishing an independent economic structure as it integrates into the world community. This new transition will certainly bring an adjustment of the regional economic structure.
Observers of the East Asian economy tend to pay great attention to China because of its economic growth. But the future of economic development in East Asia will also be greatly affected by the economic strategies of Japan and South Korea.
The frankest speech delivered at the Daejeon conference was from President and CEO of the Japan Bank for International Cooperation, Hiroshi Watanabe.
From his point of view, China means challenge as well as opportunity for the Asian economy. China's average income is experiencing further growth, which will possibly make China the biggest consumer market in the world and bring more opportunities for exporters in its neighboring countries.
China is becoming increasingly self-sufficient in manufacturing and greater quantities of raw material and components are being produced at home, which will pose challenge to the supply chain Japan has built in Asia, Watanabe said.
He said he hoped China would continue its current practice—importing bulk commodities and components, processing and assembling and then exporting processed goods. His speech exposed a deep-rooted problem of the East Asian economy.
One of the biggest challenges the East Asian economy will face in the future is the excessive reliance of Japan and South Korea on manufacturing when they should move into a post-industrialization era characterized by a thriving service sector.
Now that their service industry remains underdeveloped, they still need to expand overseas markets for their manufacturers. Their defective economic structures, coupled with a lack of openness, such as failure to provide more educational opportunities for students from other Asian countries, has contributed to global economic imbalances.
Promoting the overall economic restructuring of East Asian countries by strengthening regional cooperation is the only way toward sustainable development in the region.
The author is an associate research fellow with the China Institute of International Studies |