The China Academy of Translation, a research institute affiliated with the China International Publishing Group, the country's leading international publisher, has analyzed prevailing terms concerning the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative and translated them into a number of foreign languages. In each issue, Beijing Review presents some of these keywords to help readers know more about the initiative.

Cooperation Between China and Central And Eastern European Countries

A mechanism for cooperation between China and 16 Central and Eastern European countries, commonly known as "16+1," has been established to facilitate collaboration on issues of common concern. The 17 nations have agreed to respect each other's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, broaden understanding of each other's approach to development, and work to realize goals under the "16+1" framework in line with their own specific needs and priorities and based on equality, consultation, mutual complementarity and cooperation for mutual benefit.

An innovative framework for sub-regional cooperation, the "16+1" opens new avenues for increased engagement between traditionally friendly countries. It is a platform that focuses on South-South cooperation, but also embraces South-North cooperation.

Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation

The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) program was established in 1996 by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and upgraded to ministerial level in 2002. It has grown into a major mechanism for economic cooperation in Central Asia, with an institutional framework comprising a ministerial conference, a senior officials' meeting, coordinating committees in priority areas, and regional business roundtables.

CAREC envisions accelerated growth and poverty reduction through cooperation among member countries in transport, trade, energy and other key sectors.

The CAREC member states are Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, China, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.

The ADB, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, United Nations Development Programme, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Islamic Development Bank and some bilateral assistance organizations in developed countries have supported projects as partners under the CAREC program.

Forum on China-Africa Cooperation

The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) was formally inaugurated at its first ministerial conference in October 2000 in Beijing, upon the joint initiative of China and African countries. It aims to further strengthen friendly cooperation between China and African countries to meet the challenges of economic globalization in search of common prosperity.

The FOCAC promotes understanding, consensus building, friendship and collaboration through consultation on the basis of equality.

FOCAC members include China, the 51 African states that have established diplomatic relations with China, and the Commission of the African Union. The FOCAC ministerial conference is held every three years, and six conferences have been convened to date.

At the opening of the FOCAC Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa, on December 4, 2015, President Xi Jinping announced that the China-Africa new-type strategic partnership would be upgraded to a comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership. He also proposed 10 plans to boost cooperation with Africa in the areas of industrialization, agricultural modernization, infrastructure, financial services, green development, trade and investment facilitation, poverty reduction and public welfare, public health, people-to-people exchanges, and peace and security.

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