VIII. Financial Intermediation

By the end of 2009, money supply of broad sense (M2) was 60.6 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of 27.7 percent. Money supply of narrow sense (M1) was 22.0 trillion yuan, up 32.4 percent. Cash in circulation (M0) was 3.8 trillion yuan, up 11.8 percent.

Savings deposit in Renminbi and foreign currencies in all items of financial institutions totaled 61.2 trillion yuan at the end of 2009, an increase of 13.2 tirllion yuan. Of this total, the savings deposit in Renminbi stood at 59.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 13.1 trillion yuan. Loans in Renminbi and foreign currencies in all items of financial institutions reached 42.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.5 trillion yuan. Of this total, that in Renminbi was 40.0 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.6 trillion yuan.

Loans in Renminbi from rural financial cooperation institutions (i.e. rural credit cooperatives, rural cooperation banks, and rural commercial banks) totaled 4.7 trillion yuan by the end of 2009, an increase of 972.7 billion yuan as compared with the beginning of 2009. The loans in Renminbi for consumption use from all financial institutions totaled 5.5 trillion yuan, an increase of 1,797.6 billion yuan. Of all consumption loans, short-term loans for individuals totaled 0.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 246.5 billion yuan, and medium- and long-term loans for individuals reached 4.9 trillion yuan, an increase of 1,551.1 billion yuan.

Funds raised in 2009 by enterprises through issuing stocks and share rights on stock market amounted to 365.3 billion yuan, an increase of 125.5 billion yuan over the previous year. Of this total, 99 A-shares were issued, receiving 206.2 billion yuan worth of capital altogether, an increase of 99.5 billion yuan. The refinancing of A-shares (including rationing shares, public newly issued, nonpublic newly issued and warrants) received 159.1 billion yuan worth of capital altogether, an increase of 25.9 billion yuan over 2008. The listed companies financed 81.3 billion yuan through convertible bonds, bonds with attached warrants and corporate bonds, a decrease of 18.5 billion yuan. A total of 36 growth enterprise board stocks were issued for the first time, receiving 20.4 billion yuan.

In 2009, corporate funds raised by the non-listed companies reached 425.2 billion yuan, an increase of 188.5 billion yuan over that in the previous year. The short-term financing funds of enterprises were 461.2 billion yuan, an increase of 28.1 billion yuan; and the medium-term notes were 698.7 billion yuan, an increase of 525.0 billion yuan. Funds raised by small and medium-sized enterprises through collection notes reached 1.27 billion yuan.

The premium received by the insurance companies totaled 1,113.7 billion yuan in 2009, up 13.8 percent over the previous year. Of this total, life insurance premium amounted to 745.7 billion yuan, health and casualty insurance premium 80.4 billion yuan, and property insurance premium 287.6 billion yuan. Insurance companies paid an indemnity worth of 312.5 billion yuan, of which, life insurance indemnity was 126.9 billion yuan, health and casualty insurance indemnity 28.1 billion yuan, and property insurance indemnity 157.6 billion yuan.

IX. Education, Science and Technology

In 2009, the post-graduate education enrollment was 1.405 million students with 511,000 new students and 371,000 graduates. The general tertiary education enrollment was 21.447 million students with 6.395 million new students and 5.311 million graduates. Vocational secondary schools of various types had 21.787 million enrolled students, including 8.736 million new entrants and 6.192 million graduates. Senior secondary schools had 24.343 million enrolled students, including 8.303 million new entrants and 8.237 million graduates. Students enrolled in junior secondary schools totaled 54.409 million, including 17.885 million new entrants and 17.977 million graduates. The country had a primary education enrollment of 100.715 million students, including 16.378 million new entrants and 18.052 million graduates. There were 428,000 students enrolled in special education schools, with 64,000 new entrants. Kindergartens accommodated 26.578 million children.

The amount of expenditures on research and development activities (R&D) was worth 543.3 billion yuan in 2009, up 17.7 percent from 2008, accounting for 1.62 percent of GDP. Of this total, 27.2 billion yuan was appropriated for fundamental research programs. A total number of 639 projects under the National Key Technology Research and Development Program and 1,328 projects under the Hi-tech Research and Development Program (the 863 Program) were implemented. The year 2009 saw a total of 127 national engineering research centers and 85 national engineering laboratories. The number of state validated enterprise technical centers reached 636 by the end of the year. The technical centers at the provincial level numbered 5,011. Venture capital investment plan had been initiated and implemented to boost new emerging industries, and 20 venture investment funds were established. Some 977,000 patent applications were accepted from home and abroad, of which 878,000 were domestic applications, accounting for 89.9 percent of the total. A total number of 315,000 patent applications for new inventions were accepted, of which 229,000 were from domestic applicants or 72.8 percent of the total. A total of 582,000 patents were authorized in 2009, of which 502,000 were domestic patents, accounting for 86.2 percent of the total. A total of 128,000 patents for new inventions were authorized, of which 65,000 were domestic ones, accounting for 50.9 percent. Till the end of year 2009, the number of patents in force was 1.520 million, of which 1.193 million patents were domestic ones, accounting for 78.5 percent; the number of patents in force for inventions was 438,000, of which 180,000 were domestic ones, accounting for 41.1 percent. A total of 214,000 technology transfer contracts were signed, representing 303.9 billion yuan in value, up 14.0 percent from the previous year. The year 2009 saw six times of successful launch of satellites. The first petaflop super computer Galaxy 1 was developed successfully, and Change'e 1 satellite hit moon successfully.

By the end of 2009, there were altogether 25,000 laboratories for product inspection, including 414 national inspection centers. There were 168 organizations for product certification and management system certification, which accumulatively certified products in 41,000 enterprises. A total of 3,760 authorized measurement institutions enforced compulsory inspection on 45.60 million measurement instruments in the year. A total of 3,158 national standards were developed or revised in the year, including 2,102 new standards. There were 2,737 weather warning signals sent by national and provincial meteorological stations, and 3,950 weather alerts. There were 1,457 seismological monitor stations and 32 seismological remote monitor network stations. The numbers of oceanic observation stations were 66. Mapping departments published 2,060 maps and 307 mapping books.

X. Culture, Public Health and Sports

At the end of 2009, there were 2,478 art-performing groups, 3,214 culture centers, 2,833 public libraries, 1,996 museums, 251 radio broadcasting stations, 272 television stations, 2,087 radio broadcasting and television stations and 44 educational television stations throughout China. Subscribers to cable television programs numbered 173.98 million. Subscribers to digital cable television programs were 62.00 million. Radio broadcasting and television broadcasting coverage rates were 96.3 percent and 97.2 percent respectively. The country produced 456 feature movies and 102 science, educational, documentary, cartoon and special movies. A total of 43.7 billion copies of newspapers and 3.1 billion copies of magazines were issued, and 7.0 billion copies of books published. By the end of the year, there were 4,035 archives in China and 79.91 million documents were made accessible to the public.

By the end of 2009, there were 289,000 health institutions in China, including 60,000 general hospitals and health centers, 26,000 community health service centers, 3,013 maternal and child health-care institutions, 1,315 specialized health institutions, 3,543 epidemic disease prevention centers (stations) and 2,706 health monitoring institutions and 193,000 clinics. There were 5.22 million health workers in China, including 2.16 million practicing doctors and assistant practicing doctors and 1.74 million registered nurses. General hospitals and health centers in China possessed 3.96 million beds. The number of rural health care centers was 39, 000, possessing 910,000 beds and employing 898,000 health care workers. In 2009, 3.776 million people were infected by A or B class infectious diseases, with 15,105 reported deaths. The incidence of infectious disease was 284.34 per 100,000, with the death rate standing at 1.14 per 100,000.

In 2009, Chinese athletes won 142 world championships in 30 sports events. Eleven athletes and 3 teams broke 22 world records on 22 occasions. On the 11th National Sports Games, 7 athletes broke 5 world records on 9 occasions, 12 athletes and 3 teams broke 16 Asia records on 21 occasions and 29 athletes and 5 teams broke 39 national records on 52 occasions.

XI. Population, Living Conditions and Social Security

At the end of 2009, the total number of Chinese population reached 1,334.74 million, an increase of 6.72 million over that at the end of 2008. The year 2009 saw 16.15 million births, a crude birth rate of 12.13 per thousand, and 9.43 million deaths, or a crude death rate of 7.08 per thousand. The natural growth rate was 5.05 per thousand. The sex ratio at birth was 119.45.

In 2009, the annual per capita net income of rural households was 5,153 yuan, or a real increase of 8.5 percent over the previous year when the factors of price increase were deducted. The annual per capita disposable income of urban households was 17,175 yuan, or a real increase of 9.8 percent. The proportion of expenditure on food to the total expenditure of households was 41.0 percent for rural households and 36.5 percent for urban households. According to the 2009 rural poverty line with annual per capita net income below 1,196 yuan, the population in poverty in rural areas numbered 35.97 million at the end of the year.

At the end of 2009, a total of 234.98 million people participated in basic pension program, a year-on-year increase of 16.07 million. Of this total, 177.03 million were staff and workers, and 57.95 million were retirees. A total of 400.61 million people participated in urban basic health insurance program, an increase of 82.39 million, of whom 219.61 million people participated in urban basic health insurance program for staff and workers, 181.00 million people participated in programs for residents. A total of 43.35 million people participated in urban health insurance programs were migrant workers from the rural areas, an increase of 690,000. Some 127.15 million people participated in unemployment insurance programs, an increase of 3.16 million. A total of 148.61 million people participated in work accident insurance, an increase of 10.74 million, of which 55.80 million were migrant workers from the rural areas, an increase of 6.38 million. A total of 108.60 million people participated in maternity insurance programs, an increase of 16.06 million. A total of 2,716 counties (cities, districts) conducted the new cooperative medical care system in rural areas, with a participation rate of 94.0 percent. The total expenditure of the new cooperative medical care system in rural areas reached 64.6 billion yuan, benefiting 490 million people. The pilot of new rural social pension insurance started smoothly. The number of people receiving unemployment insurance payment stood at 2.35 million in 2009.

By the end of 2009, there were all together 39,000 social welfare institutions of various types providing 2.754 million beds, accommodating 2.088 million inmates. Of this total, 30,000 were rural elder-caring organizations providing 1.885 million beds, accommodating 1.511 million inmates. There were 140,000 community service facilities without accommodations, of which there were 9,726 community service centers and 25,000 community service stations. A total of 23.477 million urban residents received the government minimum living allowances, or 129,000 more than the previous year. About 47.593 million rural residents received the government minimum living allowance, an increase of 4.538 million and 5.543 million rural residents received government five-guarantee relief, an increase of 57,000. Medical aid was provided to 4.172 million needy people in cities and 6.884 million needy people in rural areas. Another 10.478 million needy people in urban areas were financed to participate in urban medical insurance system, and 36.898 million needy people in rural areas were financed to participate in new type of rural cooperative medical care system. A total of 75.6 billion yuan worth of social welfare lottery tickets were sold and a total of 4.1 billion yuan of direct donations from the public were received.