Northeast China, with an area of more than one million square kilometers and a population of over 100 million, comprises the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and borders Russia, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and Mongolia. 

  

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region  

 

The Inner Mongolia autonomous region is also called Inner Mongolia for short, with Hohhot as its capital city. Its origin can be traced back to the Ordos people who lived here 2,000 years ago. 

  

With agriculture and stockbreeding as its main livelihood, Inner Mongolia also engages in forestry, coal mining and steel industries. The region boasts abundant natural resources, particularly minerals, and its reserves of rare earth and natural alkali rank first in China. 

  

Inner Mongolia is an area of multiple ethnic groups with a total population of 24.05 million as of 2020. In 1947, it became the first autonomous region of China to be established. People of various ethnic groups all have long histories and brilliant cultures linked to this region. 

  

Since 1958, China has discovered more than 50 types of internationally recognized new minerals, 10 of which to be found in Inner Mongolia including bafertisitel, baotite and huanghoite. The rare earth mine in Bayan Obo mining district in Inner Mongolia’s Baotou city is the largest of its kind in the world. As of the end of 2018, Inner Mongolia’s 20 species of mineral resources had the highest reserves in China, its 45 species of mineral resource reserves rank in the top 3 in the country, and its 95 species of mineral resource reserves are in the top 10. The identified rare earth resource reserves in Inner Mongolia rank first in the world. 

  

Jilin Province 

 

Jilin province, also called “Ji” for short, is located in the central part of Northeast China. It covers an area of 187,400 square kilometers and has a population of 23,476,900. Jilin enjoys the advantages of being located near the sea and being one of the nine border provinces of the country, enabling it to serve as an important window which the national Belt and Road Initiative opens to the north. 

  

As an old industrial base, Jilin province boasts relatively developed processing and manufacturing industries. It has five key industries – automobile manufacturing, petrochemical engineering, food, equipment manufacturing and medical health. Its auto and high-speed rail manufacturing areas are at a leading level in the country. 

  

Located in the renowned golden corn belt and golden rice belt, Jilin province is a national key commodity grain production region. It has ranked national first for many years in terms of food production per capita, grain commodity rate, grain output and corn export volumes. 

  

Jilin is also a pilot province for ecological construction, boasting 51 nature reserves, which account for 13.56 percent of the province’s land area. The Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve has been designated by the United Nations as a human and biosphere natural reserve, home to internationally endangered wild species such as the Siberian tigers and oriental white cranes. 

  

Heilongjiang Province 

 

Heilongjiang Province is called Hei for short, with Harbin as its provincial capital. With expanse of flatland and wide areas of fertile black soil, it is one of China’s major commodity grain growers. Named after its largest river, its land area includes the country's largest oil reserve. 

  

Heilongjiang is one of principal areas of land reclamation and cultivation in China. Its main crops include wheat, soybeans, beet, flax and sunflower which all occupy a significant position in China. It is abundant in forest and land resources and its soil is fertile. Among minerals, coal, petroleum, gold, and graphite all hold key positions in China. Heilongjiang is also China’s most important base of forestry, ranking No.1 in both timber reserve and production. The Greater and Lesser Hinggan Mountains are its major forest area. 

  

The main industries comprise machine building, coal, petroleum and timber processing, in addition to papermaking, beet-sugar refinery, petrochemicals, flax-textiles, power-generating equipment, industrial boilers, etc. Harbin, Qiqihaer, Jiamusi and Mudanjiang are its major industrial centers. Daqing is one of China’s most important bases of petroleum industry. 

  

Heilongjiang Province is blessed with a variety of unique tourist attractions, including the Wudalian Pond, an internationally known natural volcanic park; the Jingbo Lake, China's largest alpine dammed lake; the vast Xingkai Lake stretching over China and Russia; the Manchurian Crane Sanctuary, well known inside and outside of China; a beautiful, scenic forest under a volcanic crater; and the Polar Village, where the mysterious aurora borealis can be observed. Harbin's annual Snow Festival adds charm to the beautiful northern landscape with the perfect harmony of its natural ice and snow scenery and the exquisite man-made ice sculptures. 

  

The boundless great plain, the magnificent forests, snow-bound mountains, countless precious wild animals like swan red-crowned crane, Northeast Tiger, and Northeast Leopard as well as the unique local culture are attracting thousands of tourists home and abroad. 

  

Liaoning Province 

 

Liaoning Province, Liao for short, is located on the southern part of northeast China, with Shenyang as the provincial capital. Liaoning has a history of more than 6,000 years, and it officially got the present name in 1929. Shenyang, capital of Liaoning Province, is the largest city in Northeast China. 

  

As China’s major base of heavy industry, Liaoning, the home of Anshan, the "Steel Capital" of China, holds an important place in iron and steel, machinery, chemicals, electric power, oil extraction and processing and sea-salt production. It is also China's leading apple producer and, its city Dalian is a nationally known fishery center. Its main agricultural crops include sorghum, corn, soybean, peanut, Chinese traditional medicine, coat, silk, southern Liaoning apple and western Liaoning pear. 

  

As one of the opening-up coastal provinces, Liaoning also has developed sea shipping. Dalian, Yingkou and Dandong are its major ports. 

  

Liaoning's main historical sites and scenic spots include the Shenyang Imperial Palace, Northern and Eastern Mausoleums, seaside of Lushun and Dalian, the Yalu River, Qianshan Mountain, Phoenix Mountain and Water-Cave of Benxi. The Shenyang Imperial Palace is one of the two most intact imperial architectural complexes ever existing in China, only second to the Forbidden City. 

  

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 

 

The Inner Mongolia autonomous region is also called Inner Mongolia for short, with Hohhot as its capital city. Its origin can be traced back to the Ordos people who lived here 2,000 years ago. 

  

With agriculture and stockbreeding as its main livelihood, Inner Mongolia also engages in forestry, coal mining and steel industries. The region boasts abundant natural resources, particularly minerals, and its reserves of rare earth and natural alkali rank first in China. 

  

Inner Mongolia is an area of multiple ethnic groups with a total population of 24.05 million as of 2020. In 1947, it became the first autonomous region of China to be established. People of various ethnic groups all have long histories and brilliant cultures linked to this region. 

  

Since 1958, China has discovered more than 50 types of internationally recognized new minerals, 10 of which to be found in Inner Mongolia including bafertisitel, baotite and huanghoite. The rare earth mine in Bayan Obo mining district in Inner Mongolia’s Baotou city is the largest of its kind in the world. As of the end of 2018, Inner Mongolia’s 20 species of mineral resources had the highest reserves in China, its 45 species of mineral resource reserves rank in the top 3 in the country, and its 95 species of mineral resource reserves are in the top 10.The identified rare earth resource reserves in Inner Mongolia rank first in the world.